What Pakistan's PIA sale reveals about the limits of divestment in a concentrated economy Privatization is supposed to answer a simple question: how does a state get out of a business it cannot afford to run? For a chronically loss-making enterprise draining public money year after year,
How a protest over electricity bills became a debate about representation, resources, and who decides Most political movements that endure begin with something small and concrete. In Pakistan-administered Kashmir — officially Azad Jammu and Kashmir, or AJK — the movement now known as the Joint Awami Action Committee began with electricity
A policy paper from The Hormuz Review A quick note before the argument: this is an early reading of events that are still unfolding, built on reporting and analysis that may yet be revised. It looks at the pattern of behaviour and the structure of incentives, not at anyone’s
A summary of a new working paper from The Hormuz Review. The full 36-page analysis — with methodology, country case studies, and bibliography — is available to download at the end of this article. The Strait of Hormuz is twenty-one miles wide at its narrowest navigable point. Roughly a fifth